Biomarkers in Multiple Sclerosis: Analysis of the Present Advantages and Look to the Future

MS is a chronic heterogeneous demyelinating disease of the CNS among young population, manifested by unpredictable attacks and subsequent remissions (McGinley et al., 2021; Lublin 2022). The develops as result an interaction between genetic environmental factors (Dobson 2019). most important risk factor are alleles genes encoding human leucocyte antigens (HLAs), especially HLA-DRB1*1501 (Hollenbach 2015). main exogenous noxes that have potential to trigger illness Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) infection, tobacco use, obesity since childhood, low vitamin D levels. Inflammatory infiltrates within brain lesions contain CD4 CD8 T-lymphocytes, activated monocytes B-lymphocytes which lead disruption myelin sheaths covering nerves (Housley It considered EBV infection contributes production B cells provokes activation inflammatory processes (Leffler A relationship gut microbiome-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) immune dysfunction in patients with early was proposed (Trend 2021). According recent hypothesis B-cell connect gut-associated lymphoid tissue leading aberrant responses guide pathogenic T-cell